This is a Martini-Enfield carbine, most likely made in the Khyber Pass region on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border in 1916, if the date on the rifle is correct. The locals there made copies of British arms for several decades. The quality of these guns varies substantially, but I think I got one of the nicer ones. Collectors generally shun these rifles as "worthless copies," but I personally find them to have a much more interesting history than a genuine British service rifle. The most obvious indication that this is not actually a British-made gun is the fact that it's dated after 1901 - the Brits stopped making these guns that year. Aside from that, the rifle bears Queen Victoria's cypher (the crown over V.R.), but the gun is dated 15 years after her death. The gun is beautifully made, and it functions quite well. The handmade decoration on the stock adds to the character of this rifle. The gun is in remarkable shape, considering it's nearly 100 years old.